Acrylic modified anionic water dispersible polystyrene

ABSTRACT

This invention provides a graft copolymer of at least one acrylic monomer and polystyrene, in which at least about 8 percent of the total weight of said graft copolymer is derived from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or both. It also provides anionic aqueous dispersions of such graft copolymers and coating compositions containing them.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention is concerned with acrylic modified polystyrene.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Insofar as is now known, the polymers of this invention have not been proposed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention provides a graft copolymer of at least one acrylic monomer and polystyrene, in which at least about 8 percent of the total weight of said graft copolymer is derived from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or both. It also provides anionic aqueous dispersions of such graft copolymers and coating compositions containing them.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

The main backbone chain of the graft copolymers of this invention is polystyrene. Styrene is a preferred monomer, but other styrene monomers are contemplated and can be used, such as α-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, dimethylstyrene, ethylstyrene, chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, and the like.

The polymerization is carried out by any of the means well known in the art. Typically, the monomer is dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as methyl ethyl ketone, methoxyethanol, ethoxyethanol, and the like. The polymerization can be carried out under free radical conditions using a suitable free radical initiator, such as t-butyl perbenzoate or benzoyl peroxide. The temperature used is the activation temperature of the catalyst.

The polystyrene is grafted with at least one acrylic monomer. Various acrylic monomers and monomers copolymerizable therewith can be used. In order to provide sufficient free carboxyl groups to render the graft copolymer water dispersible, however, at least about 8 percent of its weight must be acrylic acid or methacrylic acid moieties. The acrylic monomers can all be acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or it can be a mixture of acrylic monomers or of acrylic monomers and other monomers polymerizable therewith, provided that sufficient acrylic or methacrylic acid is used to amount to at least about 8 percent of the total weight of the graft copolymer. Non-limiting examples of utilizable acrylic monomers are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, porpyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methyacrylonitrile acrylamide, methacrylamide, and monomers copolymerizable therewith, such as styrene, p-methylstyrene and lower monoolefins.

The graft copolymerization can be carried out by polymerizing the acrylic monomer or monomers in a solution of the polystyrene backbone resin under free radical conditions. The solvent, free radical initiator, and temperature can be as described hereinbefore for the polystyrene preparation.

In forming a coating composition containing the acidic graft copolymer resin, the resin is neutralized with a tertiary amine, ammonia, or ammonium hydroxide to a pH about 7.0 to about 9.0. Typical amines utilizable include triethylamine, tripropylamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, dimethylethylamine, and methyldiethylamine.

In the finished coating composition, the resin solids content will be about 10 to about 40 weight percent. The volatile system (including amine, ammonia, of ammonium hydroxide) will be between about 90 weight percent and about 60 weight percent of the finished coating composition, preferably about 75-85 weight percent. About 65 to 90 weight percent of the volatile system will be water and the balance (35 to 10 weight percent) will be organic volatile solvents, including amine, ammonia, or ammonium hydroxide. Preferably, the ratio of water to organic volatiles will be about 70:30 to 80:20 in the volatile system. Each component of the solvent system will be present in between about one weight percent and about 20 weight percent of the weight of the final composition. A typical and preferred solvent system is defined in the working examples.

The coating composition will contain a cross-linking agent, such as an aminoplast or one of the well known diisocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanates. The preferred material used to thermoset the coating is conventional aminoplast cross-linking agent. Such agents are well known in the art. There can be used any of the thermosetting alkylated aminoplast resins, such as the urea-aldehyde resins, the melamine-aldehyde resins, the dicyandiamide-aldehyde resins and other aminoplast-aldehyde resins such as those triazine resins produced by the reaction of an aldehyde with formoguan-- produced by the reaction of an aldehyde with formoguanamine, ammeline, 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2-phenyl-p-oxy-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 6-methyl-2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine; 2,4,6-trihydrazine-1,3,5-triazine, and 2,4,6-triethyltriamino-1,3,5-triazine. The mono-, di-, or triaralkyl or mono, di-, or triaryl melamines, for instance, 2,4,6-triphenyltriamino-1,3,5-triazine can be used. Also utilizable are benzoguanamine and hexamethoxymethyl melamine. As aldehydes used to react with the amino compound to form the resinous material, one may used such aldehydes as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, crotonic aldehyde, acrolein, or compounds which engender aldehydes, such as hexamethylenetetramine, paraldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and the like. It is preferred to use an aminoplast that is water soluble. The amount of cross-linking agent used is generally between about 15 weight percent and about 40 weight percent, based on total resin solids.

The coating composition of this invention is primarily useful for coating aluminum, tin plated steel, pretreated metals, steel, and metals coated with the same or different resin composition (i.e., a second coat). The coating composition can be used, however, for coating other substrates such as wood, paper and leather. The most preferred and useful use of the coating composition is for coating of cans, coil stock, and fabricated metal. Coating can be done by any coating procedure well known to those skilled in the art including direct roll-coating, electrodeposition, spraying, flow coating and the like. After coating the substrate, the coating is baked for about 5 seconds to about one minute to about 30 minutes at between about 120° C. and about 260° C.

EXAMPLE

A two liter resin kettle was charged with 125.0 g. of Cellosolve which was subsequently heated to 125° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. A mixture of 175.0 g. of styrene and 8.8 g. of t-butylperbenzoate was added dropwise over a one hour period. After an additional hour at 125° C., the conversion of monomer to poly(styrene) was determined to be complete by conventional gravimetric means. The contents of the reaction vessel were then cooled to 110° C. whereupon a solution of 50.0 g. of methacrylic acid, 100.0 g. of styrene, 175.0 g. of ethyl acrylate, and 23.0 g. of benzoyl peroxide was added dropwise over a three hour period. The reaction mixture was held at 110° C. for one hour and then cooled to 90° C. whereupon 3.3 g. of additional benzoyl peroxide was added. After an additional hour at 90° C., and sixteen hours at 60° C., 46.6 g. of dimethylethanolamine and 46.6 g. of deionized water was added. Subsequently, 950.0 g. of deionized water was added over a two hour period. The resulting aqueous dispersion (pH=8.15, Brookfield viscosity=160 cps.) was determined to contain 31.3 percent non-volatile material (2 hrs. @ 150° C.) with an acid number of 72.6 (on solids).

Although the present invention has been described with preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, as those skilled in the art will readily understand. Such modifications and variations are considered to be within the purview and scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A graft copolymer of an acrylic monomer or monomers or of acrylic monomer of monomers and other monomers copolymerizable therewith and a polystyrene in which at least about 8 percent of the total weight of said graft copolymer is derived from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or both.
 2. The graft copolymer of claim 1, wherein the styrene in said polystyrene is styrene.
 3. The graft copolymer of claim 2, wherein said acrylic monomers and other monomers copolymerizable therewith are methacrylic acid, stryene, and ethyl acrylate.
 4. A graft copolymer according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the graft copolymer is formed by solution polymerization. 